Diamond
In entire the world of natural gemstones, diamonds are the most fascinating because of the story of their creation. Formed some 100 to 240 miles below the earth’s surface under conditions of intense pressure and very high heat, diamonds are made of just one element, carbon. They are also billions of years old. Until the 18th century however, the only known source for diamonds was thought to be India. Later, diamonds turned up in Brazil. By the mid-19th century, large diamonds were discovered in South Africa, which sparked an enormous diamond rush to that region. Today diamonds are mined in South Africa, Botswana, Canada, Russia, and elsewhere.
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